Men's average life span is about 7 years shorter than women's average life span. There has been concern about what factors have caused this differences. One explanation is that traditional male roles and beliefs are responsible. As a result, the men's movement have and empowered them to reexamine their lives and have empowered men to live healthier and more authentically. Courtney (1999) found that college men are at a greater risk for disease, injury, and death than college women. He points out some reasons for the difference:

Failure to adopt health-promoting behavior.

More likely to engage in risky behaviors.

Beliefs about manhood.

Hiding vulnerability.

Lack of health knowledge.

College men's socialization.

Reluctance to seek professional health.