Revision approved Nov. 6, 2001
The purpose of a collection development policy is to state the guidelines and principles under which selecting, maintaining and deselecting library materials are to proceed. The policy will insure consistency among the librarians who have responsibility for the library's collections and in communicating the Library's policies to faculty, administrators and other interested parties. As the University changes and programs are added or deleted, the collection policies will need to be altered.
The Longwood University Library affirms the dedication of the University to the development of citizen leaders. The Library seeks to provide faculty and students with information needed to prepare students to make positive contributions to the common good of society. The Library selects, provides access to, and preserves bibliographic, physical, electronic, and intellectual information, and educates users about their utilization, enabling each School to be recognized for its excellence in teaching and their students for learning, scholarship, and achievement. Further the Library recognizes its responsibility to south central Virginia as the University serves as a catalyst for regional prosperity and advancement. The Library provides services to all users, but affirms the centrality of its primary users: Longwood students, faculty and staff.
Longwood was founded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary. In 1860, it became Farmville Female College. The State of Virginia acquired the college property in 1884 and with the opening of the Normal School later that same year, it became the first publicly funded state institution for women in Virginia. After a succession of name and curricular changes, it became Longwood College in 1949. The College became fully coeducational in 1976.
The student body consists of about 3,560 undergraduate and 570 graduate students enrolled in programs ranging from education to business.
Farmville is a small, historic town located approximately 60 miles west of Richmond and south of Charlottesville, and about 50 miles east of Lynchburg. The town of 6,500 is the largest commercial and educational center in the region, serving an area of approximately 7,000 square miles. Located in and near the town are churches, hotels and motels, a country club, hospital and municipal airport. Hampden-Sydney College, a liberal arts men's college, is located five miles from campus. Nearby are many points of interest, including Appomattox Courthouse and Sailors Creek Battlefield.
The responsibility for the Library's collection rests with the professional library staff. Teaching faculty are strongly encouraged to share in the selection of materials by recommending for acquisition materials in their subject area. Although they may concentrate on those areas of the collection which corresponds to their liaison assignments, the librarians may select or withdraw in all areas since they are in the best position to observe the overall quality and balance in the collection and are daily faced with the demands and needs of the clientele. In making their own selections for purchase the librarians consider reviews in general and specialized review media, standard bibliographies, user requests, course syllabi and reserve book lists. All librarians are responsible for taking an active role in initiating purchases and evaluating materials to be withdrawn.
A librarian is assigned as liaison to each academic department. This librarian meets with the faculty of each area on a regular basis to exchange information about curriculum developments, library needs, and developments in the library such as new services, policies, and collection development activities. Each academic area's liaison librarian is the contact person for any questions or issues relating to the library and will make every effort to respond to queries and requests as quickly as possible. This librarian liaison will expedite the flow of information between the faculty and the library staff enabling the library to provide better service to the faculty. Of course, faculty members are free to call upon any librarian for particular needs best served by that librarian.
The Library endorses the principles expressed in the American Library Association's Library Bill of Rights, and attempts to include in the collection "materials representing all points of view concerning problems and issues of our times." As long as they fit into the general collection parameters of the Library, all subjects will be considered without prejudice or censorship when determining the balance of the collection. In order to avoid censorship, selection should be based on a positive approach, favoring liberty of thought and the value of the work as a whole. The Library will follow guidelines in ALA's Intellectual Freedom Manual when responding to censorship challenges.
The Longwood Library collection in many areas reflects the long history of the University. Resident in the Library's collection are many important 19th and early 20th century works which provide depth to the collection. The collection consists of approximately 320,000 volumes and over 2,000 current subscriptions. In addition the Library houses over 700,000 microforms and audio-visual materials. In recent years the Library has been able to add approximately 7,000 volumes per year. The Library's resources have increased due to access to electronic and online materials. The Library currently subscribes to approximately 20 databases, which supplement the Virtual Library of Virginia (VIVA) collection of 170 databases. The Library provides access to over 2,600 full-text electronic journals, which are enhanced by the more than 5,000 full-text electronic journals provided by VIVA. In addition, the Library along with VIVA provides access to over 775,000 other electronic full-text materials including news articles and business and statistical reports.
Given the size of the college and the finite resources allocated to the Library, it is impossible to provide all the materials that may be necessary or desirable. Therefore, in selecting materials for the library, the following priorities apply:
Generally, the following considerations are made for all materials selected for inclusion in the library collections :
In addition, the library
Gift materials are accepted with the understanding that the same selection standards apply for them as for purchased materials and that the library staff may dispose of materials not added to the collection as they see fit. Once accepted by the Library, gift materials become State property and are subject to prescribed methods of disposal (i.e., they may be declared surplus for inclusion in the State surplus property auctions.)
In order to maintain a current and dynamic collection, which supports the changing needs of the University, the Library routinely and systematically evaluates the collection to ensure that all materials contribute to these goals. Useful materials are retained and materials which are no longer needed are withdrawn, using the following criteria.
For audiovisual media, only media which can be viewed or run on current University equipment will be retained. Magnetic media such as videotapes and audiotapes have a shorter shelf life than books and may be removed more frequently.
De-selection procedures approved in December 2007 may be accessed here or from the Faculty Collection Development page.
The Library collects materials in all formats so long as the materials meet the selection criteria. Some types of materials are more problematic for the library and other criteria may also need to be considered, especially those materials which may require licenses or have other restrictions.
The Library does not collect art works. Any works of art in the Library are managed by the Longwood Center for Visual Arts.
The Library does collect abridgements of literature, such as the Masterplots series and Best Plays, however the Library does not collect study guides to literature, such as Cliff Notes.
The Library purchases both audiocassettes and compact discs. (refer to Audiovisual materials)
The Library purchases audiovisuals in several formats including «" videocassettes, DVDs, audiocassettes, compact discs, kits and slides. Although the Library's collection includes filmstrips, laserdiscs and LP records, those formats are no longer considered for purchase due to changes in technology and usage.
Requests for audiovisual materials to support the curriculum usually come from faculty and librarian liaisons. These requests will be given top priority. Additional requests to enhance the Library's collection come from students and staff. The Library will honor the requestor's specific format if it is available, such as DVD vs. videocassette. The Library does not purchase duplicate copies of audiovisual materials. However, it does recognize the continued advances of technology and the need to adapt to these changes. The Library will duplicate titles in different formats when replacing outmoded formats with one more "user-friendly", such as DVDs replacing laserdiscs.
These are large-format editions of popular children's books designed for use with young children or in group presentations. Most of the Library's Big Books arrive as components of curriculum materials sets submitted by textbook publishers.
The library generally does not acquire these materials from other institutions. The Library does add two copies of all Longwood University theses, one being retained in the Archives and one being available for public use. Completed and approved senior honors research papers are also kept in the Archives, when they are received.
The Library collects materials in a variety of electronic formats including but not limited to CD-ROMs, computer disks, online databases, electronic journals, and electronic texts. Since the acquisition and maintenance of these formats may pose management issues that traditional formats do not, some additional criteria need to be considered in the selection of these materials.
The Electronic Resources Librarian will have primary responsibility for contacting publishers of electronic resources, arranging for trials or demonstrations, and negotiating agreements for the purchase or licensing of electronic resources. The Vice President for Administration and Finance is required to sign all license agreements. The Electronic Resources Librarian is responsible for maintenance of and compliance with these agreements.
The following criteria should be considered when selecting electronic resources. Each of these criteria is not necessarily applicable to every electronic format or resource and a negative in any one of them is not necessarily, by itself, a reason not to proceed with the selection.
The Library no longer purchases this format. (refer to Audiovisual materials)
The Library no longer purchases this format. (refer to Audiovisual materials)
The Library purchases detailed maps for the local area only. Maps covering other regions or those which are international in scope are generally only purchased in combined atlases or other reference works.
For space, preservation and cost considerations the Library may opt for microfilmed rather than print copies of newspapers, periodical backruns, or extensive sets.
The Library selects very few scores. Those few selections are based on the curriculum. Requests by faculty are honored as the budget permits.
The Library subscribes to a number of local newspapers, several national papers and special interest papers. Some of the national papers and the Richmond Times Dispatch are retained on microfilm for research purposes.
The Library purchases very few pamphlets. Those acquired are fully cataloged and integrated into the appropriate collection, in the same manner as a book.
When a book is available in both hard and soft cover editions, the Library may opt for the paperback if the price of the hardcover is significantly more than the cost of having the paper cover bound, or if the material is likely to become out-of-date quickly.
Particular care is exercised before the initiation of new orders for serials publications since the expenses are recurring and even static collections are subject to price increases. In addition to meeting the above criteria for inclusion in the collection, the Library also takes into consideration the local availability of indexing, collections of nearby libraries, projected use, availability across the state and through commercial document delivery suppliers, registration with the Copyright Clearance Center, publishing regularity, format, need for backfiles, recent ILL requests for the title, etc. All serials and standing orders are added or cancelled within the context of separate departmental budgets.
The Library does not collect posters.
As needed and when available to acquire and/or replace important works.
The Library collects examples of test preparation books for graduate school testing programs. Some representative college entrance examination books are also added.
The Library will purchase only one copy of any tests faculty members request. This collection is located behind the Circulation/Reserve desk and can circulate to faculty members who can either take them out of the library or place them on their personal reserve shelves for students enrolled in their classes.
The Library generally does not purchase textbooks. Exceptions will be made for those that are recognized as "classic" in their fields, or when a textbook is the only or an especially useful source of information on a topic.
The Library purchases both NTSC and PAL 1/2" videocassettes and DVDs. It no longer purchases laserdiscs since equipment across campus is very limited.
As a participant in the Library of Virginia's State Document Depository Program, the Library receives, free of charge, all state documents available for distribution. From these, Longwood Library selects those documents that most fit its needs. Documents are cataloged, classified, shelved, and evaluated in the appropriate library collections, rather than being maintained in a separate collection.
To promote the use of special materials, to organize space efficiently, and to preserve historical collections, the Library may place specific items in separate collections.
This collection behind the Circulation/Reserve desk includes Longwood University salary and budget information and selected materials that are in high demand. Circulation times vary from two hours to seven days.
Reference collection development is the responsibility of the subject liaisons and is facilitated by the Reference Collection Coordinator. The collection is designed to meet basic research needs in all subject fields
The Library Reference Collection follows the ALA Glossary (1988) definition: a "collection of reference books and other materials...useful for supplying authoritative information or identifying sources, kept together for convenience in providing information service, and generally not allowed to circulate." Much of the material consists of the traditional reference tools: indexes, abstracts, dictionaries, encyclopedias (general & specialized), almanacs, yearbooks, loose-leaf services, catalogs, directories, subject bibliographies.
The effectiveness of the Reference Collection depends on the skills and knowledge of the subject liaisons. Therefore, the Reference Collection should be as lean and efficient as possible. A large collection makes it more difficult for staff to know all the resources. Even with an online catalog, many materials may become "lost" to staff and clientele, and become ineffective as reference tools.
Both general and specialized reference works are in English with few exceptions. Regular use is made of the typical reviewing tools in the field : Choice, Library Journal, College and Research Libraries, etc. Publisher's leaflets, catalogs and traditional reference book bibliographies and guides (e.g. Guide to Reference Books) are also used.
All materials will be selected with the basic criteria of appropriateness, accuracy, authority, treatment, format, scope, cost, and special features.
New titles will be acquired if they support the academic program, have favorable reviews, have a promise of usage, and are cost-effective.
High use or valuable reference items are placed behind the reference desk for "ready reference" in an attempt to better track the location of items for repeated use. Students are asked to return used ready reference items to the desk. Because of their location, access is limited after reference hours; therefore, there should be minimal use of this location. There will always be an attempt to have one copy at ready reference and one copy in the regular reference collection.
The Juvenile Collection supports courses in both children's literature and education. It includes juvenile fiction, juvenile non-fiction, and a few children's magazines. Young adult literature may be found either in the Juvenile Collection or the General Collection, depending upon reading level, vocabulary, and subject matter. Longwood Library has no separate Young Adult collection. The general line of demarcation between Juvenile and General Collection materials is the 7th grade level or age 13.
In selecting juvenile and young adult materials, the Library relies upon the recommendations of Children's and Young Adult Literature instructors, their bibliographies, lists of recommended books issued by the American Library Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and similar organizations, reviews and "best books lists" published in the accepted review media, and announcements of award winners and honor books. The Newbery, Caldecott, Coretta Scott King, and Jefferson Cup winners and honor books, are routinely purchased.
The collection is comprised of Phi Delta Kappa publications shelved together in a designated area adjacent to the Curriculum materials. These materials duplicate Phi Delta Kappa publications which come to the Library on a subscription and are regularly cataloged and classified in the General Collection. The Reavis Reading Collection copies are gift copies from Phi Delta Kappa members.
The Library participates in the Virginia Department of Education textbook depository program. Textbook publishers submit one copy of all items considered for adoption by public schools directly to the Library. Subject matters vary by year. These are available for examination and review by the community in the Children's Literature area designated "Textbook Depository." Receipt of textbooks is contingent on funds available to the Department of Education to support the program.
The Longwood University Library collects materials that document the history of the University including minutes of meetings, yearbooks, catalogs, newsletters and brochures of events and activities taking place on campus, faculty and student publications, special reports generated by committees and departments and any type of miscellaneous material that relates to the University, its students and its faculty.
Classic materials which cannot be rebound or replaced may be housed in the reserve section of the Library to protect them from repeated handling on the public shelves.
Longwood Library collects materials which relate to Prince Edward County and the Town of Farmville, to the surrounding Southside Virginia area, and to Virginia as a whole. For local materials our aim is comprehensive coverage, with a non-circulating copy in Specials Collections and a circulating copy housed either in the General Collection or on Reserve, depending upon the condition and availability/replaceability of the individual item. For Southside Virginia materials, some duplication may be warranted; if the Library already possesses two or more copies, the best copy should go to Virginiana and the other(s) to the General Collection and/or Reserves, again depending upon condition and availability/replaceability. When purchasing materials related to Southside Virginia, two copies may be justified in cases of materials likely to be of considerable local interest, particularly if the price is reasonable and future availability uncertain.
Often older materials relating to other areas of Virginia or the state as a whole are transferred from the General Collection to Virginiana with the passage of time. This change may reflect declining popular interest in certain topics or authors, the growing fragility of the material, or recognition that replacement would be expensive or impossible in the future. The best copy of each title by a Virginia author is usually retained for the Virginiana collection even when comparable works by authors of the same period are withdrawn from the General Collection.
This collection consists of materials from the general collection between 30 and 37 cm in height. These materials are housed on standard library shelving spaced far enough apart to allow for the height of individual volumes. Segregating these materials allows for conservation of space in the general collection shelving areas.
Materials exceeding 37 cm. in height or 30 cm. wide are further segregated into a separate collection. These materials are shelved flat, only three or four volumes high, to allow for ease of use. Segregating these large materials allows for conservation of space both in the general collection and the oversize collection shelving areas.
Compact shelving units in the basement are used to store bound periodicals in less demand. Generally this includes all volumes over ten years old, or titles which have been discontinued for lack of use.
The portfolio case houses library materials which are large and thin in nature, including unbound collections of art or pictures in portfolios. They are cataloged and classified in the same manner as the rest of the collection.
Single maps are housed flat in the map case. They are cataloged and classified in the same manner as the rest of the collection.
Library materials which are seldom needed are stored in the basement storage area. This includes
This collection consists of materials such as audio cassettes, compact discs, computer software, DVDs, filmstrips, games, kits, laserdiscs, slides, tests, 1/2" videocassettes (NTSC and PAL playback) and LP records used to support the University's curriculum. Each format has limited circulation and playback equipment for these materials is available in the Library's classrooms, study rooms, or behind the Circulation/Reserves Desk. This collection includes four separate sections: Audio CDs, Computer Software, LPs (vinyl records), and Videorecordings.
In addition to the criteria listed above for types and collections of materials, the library collects within each discipline at levels which support its academic programs. Collection levels provide guidance in determining the collection strength based on current needs, and identifies the collecting intensity to which the library aspires to build its collections. The library uses the WLN collection level codes* which are reproduced below:
0 Out of Scope: The library does not collect materials on this subject.
1 Minimal Level: A subject area in which few selections are made beyond very basic works. A collection at this level should be systematically and frequently reviewed for currency of information. Superceded editions and titles containing outdated information are withdrawn.
1a Miminal Level, Uneven Coverage: Few selections are made; there is unsystematic representation of the subject.
1b Miminal Level, Even Coverage: Few selections are made; basic authors, some core works, and a spectrum of idealogical views are represented. Can support fundamental inquiries.
2 Basic Information Level: A selective collection of materials that serves to introduce and define a subject and to indicate the varieties of information available elsewhere. It may include dictionaries, encyclopedias, access to appropriate bibliographic databases, selected editions of important works, historical surveys, bibliographies, handbooks, and a few major periodicals. The collection is frequently and systematically reviewed for currency of information.
2a Basic Information Level, Introductory: The emphsis on this level is on providing resources that introduce and define a subject. A collection at this level includes basic reference tools and explanatory works, such as textbooks, historical descriptions of the subject's development, general works devoted to major topics and figures in the field; and selective major periodicals. The introductory level of basic information collection is only sufficient to support patrons attempting to locate general information about a subject or students enrolled in introductory level courses.
2b Basic Information Level, Advanced: At the advanced level, basic information about a subject is provided on a wider range of topics and with more depth. There is a broader selection of basic introductory works, historical descriptions, reference tools, and periodicals and indexes that serve to introduce and define a subject. Access to appropriate bibliographic databases (online or CD-ROM), a selection of editions of important works and a greater quantity and variety of materials is typical. This level is sufficient to support the basic informational and recreational reading needs of a highly educated general public or community college students.
3 Study or Instructional Support Level: A collection that is adequate to impart and maintain knowledge about a subject in a systematic way but at a level of less than research intensity. The collection includes a wide range of basic works in appropriate formats, a significant number of classic retrospective materials, complete collections of the works of more important writers, selections from the works of secondary writers, a selection of representative journals, access to appropriate machine-readable datafiles and the reference tools and fundamental bibliographical apparatus pertaining to the subject. At the study or instructional support level, a collection is adequate to support independent study and most learning needs of the public and special libraries, as well as undergraduate and some graduate instruction. The collection is systematically reviewed for currency of information and to insure that the essential and significant is retained.
3a Basic study or Instructional Support Level: The basic subdivision of a level 3 collection provides resources adequate for imparting and maintaining knowledge about the basic or primary topics of a subject area. The collection includes themost important primary and secondary literature, a selection of basic representative journals/periodicals, and subject-based indexes, the fundamental reference and bibliographic tools pertaining to the subject. This subdivision of level three supports lower division undergraduate courses, as well as some of the basic independent study needs of the lifelong learner.
3b Intermediate Study or Instructional Support Level: The intermediate subdivision of a level 3 collection provides resources adequate for imparting and maintaining knowledge about the basic or primary topics of a subject area. The collection includes a broad range of basic works in appropriate formats, classic retrospective materials, all key journals on primary topics, selected journals and seminal works on secondary topics, access to appropriate machine-readable data files, and the reference tools and fundamental bibliographical apparatus pertaining to the subject. These materials are adequate to support advanced undergraduate course work. It is not adequate to support masters' degree programs.
3c Advanced Study or Instructional Support Level: The advanced subdivision of level 3 provides resources adequate for imparting and maintaining knowledge about the primary and secondary topics of a subject area. The collection includes a significant number of seminal works and journals on the primary and secondary topics in the field; a significant number of representative materials; a substantial collection of works by secondary figures; works that provide more in-depth discussions of research, techniques, and evaluation. This level collection can support master's degree level programs as well as other specialized inquiries such as those of subject professionals within special libraries.
4 Research Level: A collection that includes the major published source materials required for dissertation and independent research, including materials containing research reporting, new findings, scientific experimental results, and other information useful to researchers. It is intended to include all important reference works and a wide selection of specializedmonographs, as well as a very extensive collection of journals and major indexing and abstracting services in the field. Pertinent foreign language materials are included. Older material is usually retained for historical research and actively preserved. A collection at this level supports doctoral and other original research.
5 Comprehensive Level: A collection in which a library endeavors, so far as is reasonably possible, to include all significant works of recorded knowledge (publications, manuscripts, other forms), in all applicable languages, for a necessarily defined and limited field. This level of collection intensity is one that maintains a "Special Collection"; the aim, if not the achievement, is exhaustiveness. Older material is retained for historical research with active preservation efforts.
Levels 4 and 5 are intended to describe the collecting efforts of libraries supporting PhD programs and post-graduate work. Longwood Library does not collect at these levels.
* Powell, Nancy and Mary Bushing. WLN Collection Assessment Manual. 4th ed. Lacey, WA: WLN, 1992. Reproduced with permission.
In using the conspectus approach to collection development, it is possible to become very specific within a subject discipline. Using the 24 Divisions and 500 categories from the WLN Conspectus, the library aspires to collect materials at the following levels in each subject area:
AGRICULTURE
1a General Agriculture, Plant Culture, Forestry, Animal Culture & Veterinary Medicine, Aquaculture & Fisheries, Wildlife Management
2b Conservation of Natural Resources
ANTHROPOLOGY
2a Proverbs
3a Etiquette
3b General Anthropology, Ethnology & Ethnography, Folklore, Manners & Customs, Social Usages
ART and ARCHITECTURE
2a Nuismatics
2b Museums, Collectors & Collecting, Numismatics
3a Sculpture, Visual Arts in General, Architecture,
3b Graphic Arts, Drawing, Design, Print Media (Printmaking, Engraving), Decorative Arts, Applied Arts, Arts in General, Photography
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2a Economic Biology
2b Animal Biochemistry, Virology
3a Natural History, Microscopy, Biophysics, Botany (Specific), Microbiology
3b Biology (General), Genetics, Molecular Biology, Cytology, Botany (General), Plant Anatomy, Plant Physiology, Plant Ecology, Zoology (General), Invertebrates, Chordates-Vertebrates, Fishes, Reptiles & Amphibians, Birds, Mammals, Ethology, Anatomy, Embryology
3c Ecology
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
1b Writing
2b Labor(General), Special Industries and Trades
3a Statistics, Economics - Production (Industrial Management), Economics - Industry, Special Industries and Trades, Commerce (General)
3b Economic Theory, Economic History & Conditions, National Production, Transportation & Communication (General), Business, Business Administration, Finance, Public Finance (General), Socialism, Communism, Anarchism
CHEMISTRY
1 Crystallography
2b Inorganic Chemistry (General)
3a Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry (General), Physical & Theoretical Chemistry
3b Chemistry (General)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
2b Modeling and Simulation
3a Pattern Recognition, Image Processing
2b Image Processing, Modeling & Simulation
3a Graph Theory
3b Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - General, Computer Software, Computer Science - Algorithm Analysis, Computer Science, - Database Management Systems, Computer Architecture, Computer Arithmetic, Computers & Society, Computer Literacy, Computing Systems and Special Computers, Computer Simulation, Computers - Standards, Codes & Specifications, Machine Theory, Management Information Systems, Computer Networks
EDUCATION
0 College & School Magazines and Papers
1a Individual Institutions - United States, Individual Institutions - America (except U.S.), Individual Institutions - Europe, Individual Institutions - Asia, Africa, Oceania, Student Fraternities and Societies
3c General Education, History of Education, Theory & Practice of Education, Special Aspects of Education, Textbooks & Instructional Materials
ENGINEERING and TECHNOLOGY
0a Highway Engineering, Railroad Engineering, Bridge Engineering, Mechanical Engineering & Machinery, Electrical Engineering, Mining, Engineering & Metallurgy, Chemical Technology, Manufactures, Printing
1a Hydrolic Engineering, Military Engineering, Navigation, Merchant Marine, Naval Architecture, Shipbuilding, Railroad Engineering, Bridge Engineering, Building Construction, Mechanical Engineering & Machinery, Electrical Engineering, Motor Vehicles, Aeronautics, Astronautics, Mining, Engineering & Metallurgy, Chemical Technology, Manufactures, Domestic Engineering
2a General Technology, General Engineering, Environmental Technology
GEOGRAPHY and EARTH SCIENCES
1a Maps
1b Oceanography
3a Atlases, Mathematical Geography, Cartography, Hydrology, Geophysics, Meteorology, Geology
3b Geography (General), Maps (Local and Regional), Physical Geography, Geomorphology
HISTORY & AUXILIARY SCIENCES
1a State & Local History - Midwest, Mississippi Valley, State & Local History - The West, State & Local History - Pacific Coast, Alaska
1b Auxiliary Sciences of History (General)
2a Prehistoric Archaeology, Natural Disasters, Heraldry, Genealogy
2b History - Netherlands (Low Countries & Belgium), History - Netherlands (Holland), History - Northern Europe, Scandinavia, History - Asia, History - S.W. Asia, Ancient Orient, Near East, History - Southern Asia, Indian Ocean, History - Eastern Asia, S.E. Asia, Far East, History - Africa, History - Oceania, State & Local History - N. England, Atlantic Coast, History - British America, Canada, History - Mexico, History - Central America, History - West Indies, History - Caribbean Area, History - South America
3a History of Civilization & Culture, Archaeology, Biography, History (General), History of Europe, History - Austria, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hungary, History - Germany, History - Mediterranean Region, Greco-Roman World, History-Greece, History - Italy, History - Eastern Europe, History - Spain, History - Portugal, History - Switzerland, History - Eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula, History - Americas (General, Indian, N. America), State & Local History - South, Gulf States, History - Latin America, Spanish America (General)
3b History - Great Britain, History - France, History - Russia, History - United States (Colonial, Special Topics), History - United States (Revolutionary Period), History - United States (1790-1855), History - United States (Slavery & Civil War), History - United States (Since Civil War)
LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS and LITERATURE
0 Epigraphy, Inscriptions, Philology, Linguistics, Classical Philology, Romanic Philology & Languages (General), Romanian, Dalmatian, Rhaeto-Romance, German Philology & Languages (General), Old-German Dialects, North Germanic, Scandinavian, Dutch Language, Afrikaans Literature, Flemish Literature, English Philology & Languages, all other Philology, Church Slavic, all other Languages (except for Dictionaries),
1a Celtic Languages & Literatures, Italian Literature, Sardinian Language & Literature, Italian Literature - History & Criticism, Italian Literature - 15th through 20th Century, Italian Literature - Provincial, Local, Colonial, French Literature - Provincial, Local, Colonial, Catalan Language & Literature, Spanish Literature of Africa, Asia, Australia, etc., Portuguese Language, Portuguese Literature - History, Criticism, Collections, Portuguese Literature - Portugal - through 20th Century, Portuguese Literature - Provinces, Europe, U.S., Canada, Portuguese Literature - Brazil - through 20th Century, Portuguese Literature of Africa, Asia, Australia, Scandinavian Literature (General), Norwegian Literature, Danish Literature, Swedish Literature, Dutch Language & Literatures, Flemish Literatures, all other Literatures, Juvenile Literature - Foreign, Cryptography Paleography
2a Russian Language
2b Philology, Linguistics, Byzantine Literature & Modern Greek Literature, Medieval & Modern Latin Literature, Spanish Literature of Mexico, former Provinces, Spanish Literature of West Indies & Central America, Spanish Literature of South America, Russian Literature
3a Classical Literature, Greek Literature, Latin Literature, English Literature - Anglo-Saxon, English Literature - Anglo-Norman, Early & Middle English, Diaries, Letters & Essays, Collections of Orations, Letters & Essays, Wit, Humor & Satire
3b Modern Languages (General), French Language, French Literature - History & Criticism, Collections of French Literature, French Literature - Old French through 20th Century, Spanish Language, Spanish Literature - History, Criticism, Collections, Spanish Literature through 20th Century, Spanish Literature - Provinces in Europe & North America, Spanish Literature in Spanish America (General), German Language, German Literature - History, Critcism, Folk Literature, Collections of German Literature, German Literature to 20th Century, English Literature - History & Criticism, History of English Literature (General, by Period, by Form), English Literature - Collections, English Literature - Renaissance Prose & Poetry, English Renaissance Drama, English Literature through 20th Century, American Literature - General Criticim, History, American Literature - Collections, American Literature- Colonial through 20th Century, Literary Criticism, Authorship, Literary History, Poetry, The Drama - Periodicals, Yearbooks, General Works, Techniques of Dramatic Composition, History of Drama, Prose, Prose fiction, Short Story, etc., Oratory, Elocution, etc., Literature - General Collections, Collections of Quotations, Collections of Poetry & Drama, Anacreontic Literature, Extracts, etc., Fiction in English, Juvenile Literature - American & English
LAW
0 Law of Individual Territories, Law - Latin America & Old World, Foreign Law, Law - Canada, Law - United Kingdom and Ireland
1a International Law, Law (General), U.S. States and Territories (except Virginia), Law - U. S. Cities,
2a Law - United States (Federal), Virginia
LIBRARY SCIENCE, GENERALITIES & REFERENCE
0 National Bibliography - all (except U.S.)
1a Collections, Academies & Learned Societies, History of Scholarship & Learning, General Bibliography, Subject & Personal Bibliography
1b Archives
2a History of Books, Journalism, The Periodical Press, Bookselling & Publishing
3a Copyright & Intellectual Property
3b Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, General Reference, Newspapers, Periodicals, Yearbooks, Almanacs, Directories, Libraries - Library Science
3c Indexes
MATHEMATICS
3b Mathematics (General), Numeration, Arithmetic, Elementary Mathematics, Algebra (General), Mathematical Analysis (General), Geometry (General)
MEDICINE
0 Experimental Pharmacology, Medicine - History, Medical Expeditions, Medical Centers, Hospitals, etc., Pathology, Internal Medicine, Medical Practice (General), Neoplasms, Neoplastic Diseases, Tuberculosis, Dentistry
1a Medicine - Periodicals, Societies, General Topics, Forensic Medicine, Medical Jurisprudence, Toxicology, Infectious & Parasitic Diseases, Communicable, Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychopathology, Allergic, Metabolic, Nutritional Diseases, Diseases of Organs, Glands, Systems, Diseases & Injuries Caused by Physical Agents (General Works & Handbooks), Disease Regions of the Body, Arctic & Tropical Medicine, etc., Surgery, Opthalmology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dermatology, Pharmacy & Materia Medica, Botanic, Thomsonian, Eclectic Medicine, Homeopathy, Other Systems of Medicine
1b Medicine - Special Subjects, Public Health, Medical Geography, Otorhinolaryngology
2a Nervous System & the Senses, Therapeutics, Pharmacology, Nursing
2b Pediatrics, Geriatric
3b Human Anatomy, Physiology,
MUSIC
3b General Music, Instrumental Music, Vocal Music, Literature of Music, Music Instruction & Study, Sound Recordings
PERFORMING ARTS
1a Parlor Magic & Tricks, Circuses & Carnivals, Jewish Theater
2a Theater in the Americas - except U.S.
2b Historical & Religious Plays, Tragedy, etc., Motion Pictures, The Theater - Minstrel Shows, Spectacles, Tableux
3a Theater in Asia, Africa & Oceania, The Theater - Amateur & College Theatricals
3b Dancing, Performing Arts & Show Biz, Broadcasting, Theater - General, Theater - Stage, Accessories, History by Period, Theater in the United States, Theater in Europe,
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
1b Philosophy Periodicals, Societies, Congresses
2a Speculative Philosophy, Doctrinal Theology, Practical Theology
2b Philosophy History & Systems, Ancient Renaissance, History & Systems, Modern (1450/1600- ), Logic
3a Aesthetics, Ethics, Religions, Mythology, Rationalism, Judaism, Islam, Bahaism, Theosophy, Buddhism, Christianity, Bible, Eastern Christian Churches, Roman Catholic Church, Protestantism
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION
1a Hunting Sports
3a Games & Amusements
3b Recreation, Physical Training, Sports
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
1a Geomagnetism
1b Chronology
2a Science (General), Analytical Mechanics, Experimental Mechanics, Constitution & Properties of Matter, Acoustics (Sound), Heat, Optics, Light, Radiation, Electricity, Magnetism, Nuclear Physics
2b Astronomy
3a Weights & Measures
3b Physics (General)
POLITICAL SCIENCE
0 &nbs;Naval Maintenance, Naval Seaman, Naval Ordnance, Minor Services of Navies
1a Military Science - Maintenance & Transportation, Infantry, Cavalry, Armor, Artillery, Military Science - Other Services, Naval Science - General, Navies - Organization, Distribution, etc., Naval Administration, Marines
1b Official Documents
2a Collections & General Works - Treatises, Armies - Organization, Distribution, etc., Military Administration
3a Political Theory, Theory of the State, Constitutional History & Administration, Constitutional History & Administration - British, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Local Government, Colonies & Colonization, Immigration & Emigration, Diplomatics, Military Science (General)
3b Constitutional History & Administration - United States, International Law, International Relations
PSYCHOLOGY
1a Parapsychology, Occult Sciences
3a Special Aspects
3a Psychology, Major Theories & Systems, Individual Psychology
SOCIOLOGY
1a Societies - Secret, Benevolent, etc.,
3a Human Ecology (Anthropogeography), Medicine & the State
3b Social Sciences (General), Sociology (General & Theoretical), Social History, Social Problems, Social Reform, Family, Marriage, Women, Sexual Life, Communities, Classes, Races,
3c Social Pathology, Social & Public Welfare
