1. Race: "A category of persons who are related by common heredity or ancestry and who are perceived and responded to in terms of [genetically determined] external features or traits" (Wilkinson 1987: 185)

1.  American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition
2.  Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam
3.  Black or African American: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa
4.  Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands
5.  White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East
  B.  Ethnic Group: "consists of those who share a unique social and cultural heritage that is passed on from generation to generation" (Mindel and Habenstein 1976: 4)

1.  Hispanic or Latino: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race
2.  Non-Hispanic or Latino: Persons who are not of Hispanic Origin 
  C.  Minority Group: "people who have unequal access to economic, political, and social opportunities or who possess characteristics that are considered "inferior" by the dominant group" (Bidwell & Vander Mey 1999: 192-193)

A.  Biased Sample Selection
B.  Narrow Concept Definition
C.  Limited Unit of Analysis
 

        1.  2nd largest racial minority in the US
        2.  Comprise 12.9% of US population; number approx. 34 million (2000 Census)
        3.  Estimated that by 2050, African Americans will comprise 14.6% of US population

    B.  History

1.  Slavery
2.  Reconstruction
3.  African American Families in the 20^th Century

C.  African American Single-Parent Families: In 1997, 47% of African American families were headed by a single female, compared to 14 % of white families, 13% of Asian American families, and 24% of Hispanic American families (US Bureau of Census 1997)
D.  African American Socioeconomic Diversity: In 2001, 26.4% of black families had incomes below $15,000, 16.5% earned between $15,000 and $24,999, 57% made more than $25,000 per year, and more than 1 in 5 black families earned at least $50,000 annually
E.  Dynamics of African American Families

1.  Egalitarian married couples
2.  Reliance on extended kin: Approximately 30% of African American Families have extended kin living within the household, compared to only 18% of white families (Glenn and Yapp 1994)
3.  Racial Identity: Approximately 2/3 of black parents report that they consciously teach their children about racial hostilities or African American heritage (Taylor et al. 1990).

1. Statistics

1.  Largest ethnic minority group in US (July 1, 2001, estimated that there were 37 million Hispanics and 36.2 million African Americans in the United States); 2000 census found Hispanics were 12.5% of US population; numbering 35.3 million people
2.  Latino population expected to grow 33% in first decade of 21^st century
3.  Diverse origins: Mexican ; Puerto Rican; Cuban; South or Central American; Other Hispanics
 
    B.  History--varied and diverse
    C.  Dynamics of Hispanic American Families
1.  Familism
2.  Patriarchal
3.  Machismo
    D.  Hispanic Americans and Poverty: In 2005, 19% of Hispanic families were below the poverty line, compared to 9.9% of the general population, 8% of white families, 22.1% of Black families, and 9% of Asian families.

A.  Statistics

1. I n 2000, Asian and Pacific Islander population estimated at 11.9 million persons and represented 4.2% of the total population
2.  Asian American population has grown 141% between 1970 and 1980 and by another 98% between 1980 and 1990. In the 1990s the population grew by 4.5% per year.  From 2000-2006, the Asian  grew 24%

B.  History: Various and Diverse
C.  "Model Minority Stereotype"
D.  Maintaining Cultural Identity

1.  Concept of Family & Duty to Family
2.  Patriarchal
3.  Outmarriage

1. Statistics

1.  Native Americans comprise 1.5% of the population and number 4.1 million people
2.  Native American population has grown 12% since 1990, compared to 3% grown in the Non-Hispanic White population.
3.  As many as 500 tribes exist in the US, but 1/2 of all Native Americans belong to one of the 8 largest tribes: Cherokee, Navajo, Chippewa, Sioux, Choctaw, Pueblo, Apache, and Iroquois. B.  History 1.  Removal and Assimilation
2.  Reorganization and Self-Government
3.  Self-Determination

    C.  Contemporary Native American Family Dynamics and Issues

1.  Socioeconomic Status and Economic Development: 32% of Native Americans live at or below the poverty level, compared to 9% of Non-Hispanic Whites. Poverty rates range from a low of 17.3% among the Iroquois to a high of 47.3% among the Navajo (Census Bureau 1996)
2.  Single Parent Families: 65% of Native American families live in married couple households, but rates of single-parent families (27%) are far above the national average (17%) (Paisano 1995)
3.  Native American Parental Rights

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