Socioeconomic Status

I.    Definitions

        A.    Social Stratification--"The hierarchical ranking of people within
                society on the basis of  specific coveted resources, such as income and
                wealth" (Seccombe, 2008: 166).

        B.    Social Class--"A system of social stratification that is based on
                both ascribed statuses and individual achievement"  (Seccombe,  2008:
                166); position in the stratification hierarchy based on income (Marx). 

        C.    Socioeconomic Status (SES)--"refers to the combined influence
                of income, occupation, education, material possessions,
                cultural tastes, and prestige on social ranking" (Bidwell &
                Vander Mey, 1999: 152) (Weber)
        D.    Social Status--"Groups of individuals who are accorded similar
                levels of prestige within the community and who share similar
                cultural tastes, interests, patterns of consumption and
                lifestyles...have similar social status (Bidwell & Vander Mey,1999:
                152)

II.    Assessing Socioeconomic Status
        A.    In Great Britain
        B.    In the United States
                1.    Respondents' Self-Assessment

                    2.    Community Studies
                    3.    Researcher Determines from One or More Variables

III.      Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of SES
        A.    Quantitative Aspects of SES
                1.    Life Expectancy& infant mortality
                2.    Educational Attainment
                3.    Age at first marriage
                4.    Divorce Rate
                5.    Timing of Pregnancy and Number of Children
        B.    Qualitative Aspects of SES
                1.    Gender Expectations within the Household
                2.     Parents' Values (Kohn)
                3.    Parenting Strategies
                4.    Marital Expectations and Interaction (Rubin)
                5.    Hobbies, Leisure Time Activities, Social Activities
             

IV.    Social Class Prototypes
        A.    Upper-Class
          B.    Upper Middle Class
        C.    Middle-Class
        D.    Working-Class
        E.     Working Poor
        F.    Underclass



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