1.  Psychodynamic

    Sigmund Freud - Psychosexual theory
    include here your notes from the film in class
    Levels of awareness - conscious, preconscious, unconscious
    Repression
    Psychoanalysis
    resistance
    Structure of personality - id, ego, superego (identification)
        pleasure principle, reality principle, moral principle
        defense mechanism (repression, regression, rationalization, displacement,
        projection, reaction formation, denial, sublimination)
    Stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
    fixation
    Oedipus complex, Electra complex

Other psychodynamic theorists
    Carl Jung - other instincts are just as important as sex, aggression
    personal and collective unconscious
    archetypes
 
    Alfred Adler - power in relationships is primary motivator
        inferiority/superiority
 
    Karen Horney (pronounced "horn-eye")
        believed in a more balanced focus on the importance of social
            relationships during childhood

    Erik Erikson - 8 stages - psychosocial - social expectations and relationships
        are as important as biological development

2. The Trait Perspective
 
    much more "observable" and rational approach to personality
 
    grounded in research more than psychodynamic

    Hans Eysenck - typology of traits - figure P.2, page P-13.
        introversion-extroversion, emotional stability-instability

    Five Factor Model - NEOAC

3.  Learning perspective

    Skinner - operant conditioning - the experiences one has had
            have formed one's personality
                - basic difference: since everyone's experience is unique,
                    everyone's personality is different

      Bandura - social-cognitive theory - learning by observation,
          people choose what influences them, and are influenced
            through observing others (models)

            subjective values of experience (identical experience will
                influence two individuals differently)
            encoding is different for two individuals

        self-efficacy - what do you believe about your ability
                to fulfill your needs and the needs of others?

        self-regulation - we are in control of our own development

4. Humanistic-Existential Perspective

    focuses more on the positive aspects of human condition

     Abraham Maslow - hierarchy of needs

            self-actualization - we all strive to reach for our best, highest
                abilities

    Carl Rogers - self-concept - frames of reference (how we view ourselves)

        unconditional positive regard vs conditional positive regard
            create conditions of worth

        Existential theory - we all have to deal with difficult issues regarding
            being alive and being human - the limitation of life - death is a
            certainty - we're all essentially alone - life doesn't owe you
                anything

5. Sociocultural Perspective

    how does culture influence personality - are you any different
        than people in Poland? or Rwanda?  or an island in the South Pacific?

        individualism vs collectivism

Measurement of Personality

    Objective Tests

        empirical - rational - standardized - MMPI - scales

    Projective Tests

        measure unconscious thoughts and issues
 
        found to be inadequate for measuring personality,
            but helpful for generating discussions between therapist
                and client

        Rorschach Inkblot test
        TAT - Thematic Apperception Test