TABLE OF CONTENTS:

General Information on the Study of International Issues
General Reference Works and News Sources
Writing Assignments
Study Questions for Reading Assignments for Each Class Meeting

For U.S. State Department information on major international issues go to: http://www.state.gov/issuesandpress/
For U.S. State Department information on various countries go to: http://www.state.gov/countries/

Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/ 
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues)
Students can also make use of Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs found online at:
http://www.opencrs.com/ Many of these reports are excellent reviews of foreign policy issues.

Amnesty International tracks human rights issues around the world and maintains a site at:
http://amnesty.org

Useful material on the United Nations and many international issues may be found using the UN site:
http://www.un.org/
  The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights may be found at: http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
  More information on United Nations Conventions, Treaties, and Agreements on Human Rights may be found at:
http://www.un.org/rights/

Very good articles on international issues and American foreign policy may be found at the site of The Council on Foreign Relations: http://www.foreignaffairs.org/
The Council has also established, in cooperation with The Markle Foundation, a new online encyclopedia on terrorism at:
http://www.terrorismanswers.com/home/

Very good articles on international issues and America foreign policy (and links to public opinion polls on the views of ordinary Americans and elites on those issues) may be found at the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations site at:
http://www.ccfr.org/

The Brookings Institution (a generally liberal think tank) sponsors a number of studies on international issue and may be located onlline at: http://www.brook.edu/

The Heritage Foundation (a generally conservative think tank) sponsors a site on national security and international issues at:
http://nationalsecurity.org/

Very useful information on international relations and U.S. intelligence and national security issues may be found at the CIA web site at: http://www.cia.gov/  The CIA World Fact Book is quite useful.

One of the great news sources for the study of politics is the New York Times site at:
http://www.nyt.com/

For the latest in breaking news, the CNN web site contains both daily news stories and feature articles:
http://cnn.com

For the best information on public opinion, you may go to the site of the Gallup Organization at:
http://www.gallup.com/

Part I Format
The papers will be done according to the Turabian format for a research paper. You will be encouraged to relate the issues raised in your research report to the broader themes examined in this course.
 A shorter version of that style manual can be found on the History style manual at the following web address: <http://www.longwood.edu/history/HDPTSTS2.htm>
 The following web site will introduce you to several useful links on how to document sources from the Internet:
<http://www.h-net.msu.edu/about/citation/>
The links found there will give general rules and specific examples of how to document according to the Turabian style manual (University of Chicago Press Manual) used in history and political science.

Part II  Writing Resources
The following are some useful books on how to conduct research and write good papers in political science:
Gregory M. Scott & Stephen M. Garrison. The Political Science Student Writer's Manual.
    Third Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1998.
Kate T. Turabian. A Manual For Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. Sixth Edition.
    Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.
Howard S. Becker. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or
    Article. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Diane Hacker. A Pocket Style Manual. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
Diane E. Schmidt. Expository Writing in Political Science: A Practical Guide. New York: Harper
    Collins College Publishers, 1993.

Part III  Research

While this online Study Guide obviously uses web materials, you will need to read the works (books and articles) written by the scholars who have investigated the subject matter of  your research project. Search the library, use inter-library loan if necessary, and consult with your instructor in order to cover principal primary and secondary works in your topic area.  While encyclopedias, especially the online Britannica service will be a good place for some general background information, one does not document from an encyclopedia in a scholarly paper at the college level. Do not overlook articles in academic journals, and make use of the Social Sciences Index and the Humanities Index.

While you should avoid over relying on internet materials for your projects, and avoid the use of worthless junk often found on the web, there are many excellent sites you will want to become familiar with as you prepare to enter an age in which individuals will have to become comfortable and proficient in finding and making good use of the electronic information resources. If you ever go Longwood University Library web site <http://www.longwood.edu/library/library.htm> you will find a guide with useful links to different information packets available at the library. There are also some excellent listings of good web sites by academic discipline under the Subject Guide <http://www.longwood.edu/library/subj.htm> If you go to the political science listing <http://www.longwood.edu/library/Polysci.htm> you will find great resources, including a listing of web sites.

Week 1 Sources of American Foreign Policy; Origins of the Cold War
Week 2 The Third World, Cuba, Vietnam, Détente, and Continued Superpower Competition
Week 3 Superpower Confrontation and Conciliation; The End of the Cold War; the 1990s
Week 4 Models of Policy Making; Rational Choice and Game Theory
Week 5 The United States after the Cold War 
Week 6 Terrorism, Islamism, and the Middle East
Week 7 American Relations with Russia, China, India and Japan
Week 8 America and Western Europe
Week 9 Domestic Forces Shaping Foreign Policy
Week 10 Presidential Primacy versus Congress
Week 11 Institutional Forces; the Bureaucracies; Policy Instruments
Week 12 International Institutions, Multilateralism, Unilateralism
Week 13 Test and Thanksgiving Vacation
Week 14 Globalization, Economics, and the Environment
Week 15 Democratization, Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention

Part I     Weeks 1-4    Historical Review

Week 1 Sources of American Foreign Policy; The Origins of the Cold War
Assignment 1  Introduction to American Foreign Policy; Competing Views on the Sources of American Foreign Policy
Monday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 1 and readings 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4; Chpt. 3 and readings 3.1, 3.2
          Chpt. 4 and readings 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 1, 2, 3
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  How has the context for American foreign policy been changing since the end of the cold war?
2.  How has political culture influenced American foreign policy?
3.  What are some of the consequences of the American national style?
4.  How does the international system shape American foreign policy?
5.  What are the key elements of the international system?
6.  What are the key aspects of the national interests?

Assignment 2  American Foreign Policy Before and During WWII; The Origins of the Cold War
Wednesday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 1 and readings 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4; Chpt. 3 and readings 3.1, 3.2
          Chpt. 4 and readings 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 1, 2, 3
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What impact did geography have on the history of American foreign policy?
2.  What was the bases for the isolationist tradition in American foreign policy?
3.  What sort of imperialism became popular in some American quarters at the turn of the century?
3.  What were the goals of Wilsonian idealism during World War I?
4.  What direction did American foreign policy take during the 1920s and 1930s?
5.  What basic changes did WWII bring to the international system?
6.  What had been the expectations of American policy makers and citizens during WWII as to how the world would look after the war?
7.  What went wrong in American-Soviet relations?
8.  What were the causes of the cold war?
9.  What aspects of Soviet behavior did the United States oppose?
10.  Where did the Truman administration confront the Soviet Union?

Assignment 3  The Doctrine of Containment; Economic Plans; Alliance Systems; Nuclear Balance of Terror
Friday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 1 and readings 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4; Chpt. 3 and readings 3.1, 3.2
          Chpt. 4 and readings 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 1, 2, 3
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. What were the key ideas advanced by George Kennan in his famous 1947 article in Foreign Affairs?
2.  What was the Truman Doctrine?
3.  What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?
4.  How did NATO come about?
5. What were the goal of containment?
6. What were the primary elements of the orthodox view about the origins of the cold war?
7. What were the primary elements of the revisionist view about origins of the cold war?
8. Does the fall of Communism is Eastern Europe put the debate about the origins of the cold war in any different light?
9. What events led up to the Communist victory in China?
10. How did the United States get involved in the Korean War?
11. What were the consequences of the Korean War for American foreign policy?
12. How did the Eisenhower administration conduct the cold war?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 1
Discuss the ideas behind the most important doctrines and policies developed by the Truman administration. Explain how these ideas served as the basis for American Foreign policy for the next 40 years.
This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 5 Vietnam, Nixon, Détente
Wednesday
Read:  Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 4, 5, 6
          Jentleson, Chpt. 5 (pages 128-155) and readings 5.1, 5.2
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. How did and why did America get involved in Vietnam?
2. Why did LBJ decide to escalate the war in Vietnam?
3.  How did he go about his policy of escalation?
4. What were the consequences of his policies?
5. What should be learned from American failure in Vietnam?
6. What consequences did failure in Vietnam have for American foreign policy?
7. What were the chief foreign policy challenges confronting the Nixon administration?
8. What was détente all about?
9. How did Nixon change U.S. policy regarding China?  Why?
10. What were the most important agreements arranged between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Nixon-Ford years?
11. How did Nixon deal with the war in Vietnam?
12. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Nixon's policy of détente?

Assignment 6 The Carter Years and the Collapse of Détente
Friday
Read:  Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 4, 5, 6
          Jentleson, Chpt. 5 (pages 128-155) and readings 5.1, 5.2
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. How did Carter try to change U.S. foreign policy?
2. What did he try to achieve in the area of Arms control?
3. How did he approach relations with China and the Soviet Union?
4. How did Carter's policies change over time?
5. What was the Iranian hostage crisis all about?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 2
Write a three page essay on why the United States failed in Vietnam and the various lessons foreign policy analysts drew from that failure.
A good website with links to good research sources on the war in Vietnam may be found at:
          http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/vietnam.htm
This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 8 The Bush Years
Wednesday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 5 (pages 155-174) and readings 5.3, 5.4
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 7, 8, 9, 10
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  How did the cold war come to an end?  Why?
2.  How did the Bush administration respond to developments in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union?
3.  Was the outcome of the cold war due to wise American policies or foolish Soviet policies?
4.  What were the key events leading up to the Gulf War?
5.  What factors drove policies pursued by the Bush administration regarding the Gulf War?
6.  What were the key challenges facing the U.S. after the collapse of the Soviet Union?

Assignment 9 The Clinton Years
Friday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 5 (pages 155-174) and readings 5.3, 5.4
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 7, 8, 9, 10
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What were the key challenges facing the Clinton administration?
2.  How did the Clinton administration become involved with humanitarian intervention in Haiti and the Balkans?
3.  What did Clinton administration mean be democratic enlargement?
4.  What international economic policies did the Clinton administration pursue?
5.  How did the Clinton administration deal with China?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 3
Write a three page essay in which you explain how and why the cold war ended?  What were the most important factors at work?
This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 11 Applications of Game Theory to Decision Making in Foreign Policy
Wednesday
Read:  Take a look at the following web site that provides a good introduction to game theory:
          http://www.econ.rochester.edu/eco108/ch17/micro17/index.htm
          Also go to the Britannic website, click under History & Humanities, search under game theory <http://search.britannica.com/search?query=game+theory> and study material under the following sites: <http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,117275+1+109420,00.html?query=game%20theory>
<http://search.britannica.com/frm_redir.jsp?query=game+theory&redir=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/game-theory/>
<http://www.britannica.com/bcom/magazine/article/print/0,5746,213696,00.html>
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.. What political implications are found in the "prisoner's dilemma" as applied to arms control and arms races?
2.  What other lessons does game theory offer to foreign policy analysts and practitioners?
3. What sort of circumstances support the strengths of rational choice and game theory  models?
3. What sort of circumstances show the weaknesses of these models?
4. What could presidents learn from these models and apply to their own decision making?

Assignment 12  First Test
Friday
NOTE: You will have your first test on Friday.  This test will count for 1/6 of your semester grade.

Assignment 14  What are the most important WMD proliferation issues facing the United States today?
Wednesday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 7 (pages 309-310, 339-348); Readings 11.1, 11.2
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 10, 14
          Bennet and Shambaugh, Issues 2, 8, 11
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  How has the Bush administration approached issues involving nuclear doctrine and policies?
2.  How has the administration approached issues dealing with proliferation of nuclear weapons?
3.  How has the administration dealt with WMD issues?
4.  What have been the strengths and weaknesses of such policies?
5.  How do you think the U.S. should approach these issues as they relate to Iran and North Korea?  

Assignment 15  What are the issues at stake involving Iran? 
Friday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 7 (pages 309-310, 339-348); Readings 11.1, 11.2
          Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 10, 14
          Bennet and Shambaugh, Issues 2, 8
          Ray Takeyh, "Time for Detente with Iran" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What are the main points of contention between the United States and Iran?
2.  What should the U.S. do about the Iranian nuclear program?
3.  What policies should the U.S. pursue in terms of Iran's role in Iraq?
4.  What policies should the U.S. pursue in terms of Iran's role elsewhere in the Middle East?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 4
Write a three page essay in which you evaluate Huntington's claims about a "clash of civilizations" and what you think are the implications for American foreign policy that flow from your own assessment of his claims.
This assignment is due by the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 17 What issues face American foreign policy with the rise of Islamism and the War on Terror?
Wednesday
Read: Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 12, 13, 14
           Jentleson, Chpt. 8; Reading 8.3
           Bennet and Shambaugh, Issue 7
           Mary Crane, "Does the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Have Ties to Terrorism?" at Council on Foreign Relations website at:
           http://www.cfr.org/publication/9248/
           James D. Fearon, "Iraq's Civil War" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Robert S. Leiken and Steven Brooke, "The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following articles:  
Jost, K. (2006, November 3). Understanding Islam. CQ Researcher, 16, 913-936.  From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006110301  
Katel, P. (2006, October 27). Middle East Tensions. CQ Researcher, 16, 889-912. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006102701           
The Council On Foreign Relations has established, in cooperation with The Markle Foundation, a new online encyclopedia on terrorism at:
http://www.terrorismanswers.com/home/
            Students interesting in background information on various terrorist organizations may look at the following online sites: http://www.cfr.org/issue/135/terrorism.html and http://www.tkb.org/Home.jsp
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What factors have contributed to the rise of Islamism?
2.  What challenges does radical Islamic fundamentalism pose to the Middle East and the world?
3.  Why is America so hated in so many places in the Middle East?
4.  Why do so many people in the Middle East attack American policy there?
5.  What should the United States do about these problems?
6.  What are the sources of contemporary terrorism?
7.  Why are so many people drawn to such tactics?
8.  What threat are posed by terrorism?
9.  How should the United States best deal with terrorism in the wake of 9/11?

Assignment 18  What are the stakes involved in the current war in Iraq?
Friday
Read:  Hook and Spanier, Chpts. 12, 13, 14
           Jentleson, Chpt. 8; Reading 8.3
           Bennet and Shambaugh, Issues 4, 5, 6, 
           Mary Crane, "Does the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Have Ties to Terrorism?" at Council on Foreign Relations website at:
           http://www.cfr.org/publication/9248/
           James D. Fearon, "Iraq's Civil War" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Robert S. Leiken and Steven Brooke, "The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following articles:  
Jost, K. (2006, November 3). Understanding Islam. CQ Researcher, 16, 913-936.  From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006110301  
Katel, P. (2006, October 27). Middle East Tensions. CQ Researcher, 16, 889-912. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006102701           
The Council On Foreign Relations has established, in cooperation with The Markle Foundation, a new online encyclopedia on terrorism at:
http://www.terrorismanswers.com/home/
            Students interesting in background information on various terrorist organizations may look at the following online sites: http://www.cfr.org/issue/135/terrorism.html and http://www.tkb.org/Home.jsp
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  How and why did the United States invade Iraq?
2.  What arguments were advanced for and against that decision?
3.  What has happened since the invasion?
4.  What premises behind the invasion have since been challenged?
5.  What has gone wrong since the invasion?
5.  What should be done now?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 5
Write a three page essay in which you explain why the United States is so hated in much of the Middle East.  Then explain how you would advise President Bush, if asked, as to what should be done about this.
This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 20  What are the most important issues at stake in American relations with China?
Wednesday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 7 (pages 310-328, 335-339)
           Hook and Spanier, Chpt. 14
           Bennet and Shambaugh, Issue 10
           Warren I. Cohen, "Chinese Lessons" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article:  Katel, P. (2005, November 11). Emerging China. CQ Researcher, 15, 957-980. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2005111101
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. What are the most important issues facing U.S.-Chinese relations?
2. What are the most important issues facing U.S.-Japanese relations?
3. How does Fukuyama suggest the U.S. should modify in approach to Asia?
4. How do you evaluate Fukuyama's arguments?
5. How should the U.S. respond to human rights issues in China?
6. What should or could the U.S. do about its trade deficit with China and Japan?

Assignment 21  What are the most important issues at stake in American relations with India and Japan?
Friday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 7 (pages 310-328, 335-339)
           Hook and Spanier, Chpt. 14
           Michael J. Green, "Japan is Back" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Richard Katz and Peter Ennis, "How Able is Abe?" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Ashutosh Varshney, "India's Democratic Challenge" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
           Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What are the most important issues facing U.S.-Japanese relations?
2.  What should or could the U.S. do about its trade deficit with Japan?
3.  What common interests do the U.S. and Japan share in Asia?
4.  What common interests do the U.S. and India share in Asia?
5.  What are the most important issues facing U.S.-Indian relations? 

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 6.
Write a three page essay in which you discuss the most important issues at stake in American relations with China.  Explain how you would advise President Bush, if asked, as to what policies we should have regarding China.
This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 23  Second Test
Friday
Note: You will have your second test on Friday.  This test will count for 1/6 of your semester grade.

Part III   (Weeks 9-13) Decision Making Institutions and Players

Week 9 Domestic Forces Influencing Foreign Policy
Assignment 24 The Media and Public Opinion
Monday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 40-60) and Reading 2.3; Chpt. 6 (pages 294-307); Reading 9.2
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. How does the media influence foreign policy?
2. What is the so-called "CNN Effect"?
3. Is there such a thing?
4. How do decision makers try to use the media?
5. What sort of circumstances favor media influence in foreign policy?
6. What sort of circumstances limit media influence in foreign policy?
7. What role does public opinion play in shaping foreign policy?
8. What forces shape public opinion of foreign policy issues?
9. What does a review of public opinion polls tell us about the key characteristics of public opinion
    on foreign policy issues?
10. How do public opinion and elite opinion interact?

Assignment 25  Electoral Politics
Wednesday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 40-60) and Reading 2.3; Chpt. 6 (pages 294-307); Reading 9.2
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. How do electoral politics effect foreign policy?
2. Are there some typical patterns in how the party in power and the out party approach certain foreign policy issues?
3.  How does the election cycle and electoral politics in general influence foreign policy?
4.  What are some common, institutionally inherent problems facing first term presidents?
5.  What are some common, institutionally inherent problems facing second term presidents?
6.  What problems for our foreign policy are created by electoral politics and the election cycle?

Assignment 26  Interest Groups
Friday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 40-60) and Reading 2.3; Chpt. 6 (pages 294-307); Reading 9.2
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. What is the role of interest groups in shaping American foreign policy?
2. Which interests groups have a greater voice in foreign policy?
3. What sort of circumstances favor interest group influence in foreign policy?
4. What sort of circumstances limit interest group influence in foreign policy?
5. What are some of the core domestic values that shape foreign policy?
6. What domestic political realities shape foreign policy?
7. What domestic institutional realities shape foreign policy?
8. What is the role played by major elite organizations in shaping foreign policy?
9. What is the role played by the Council on Foreign Relations and other such groups?
10. How do ethnic groups influence American foreign policy?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 7
For this assignment you are to write a three page essay in which you explain the impact of elite organizations and think thanks such as the Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, the Brookings Institution, and the Heritage Foundation to the making of American foreign policy.  Go to the web sites of these and other organizations, find out about their missions, history, and membership, and then look up the backgrounds of the key foreign policy individuals in the current and recent administrations in order to develop some ideas for this essay.
This assignment is due by the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 28  The Role of the Presidency
Wednesday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 25-35) and Reading 2.1; Chpt. 6 (pages 280-287)
          Go to the following online site for a Congressional Research Service Report on 
          the War Powers Act and Presidential Compliance: http://www.fas.org/man/crs/IB81050.pdf  
          Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article: Jost, K. (2006, February 24). Presidential power. CQ Researcher, 16, 169-192. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006022401 
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What are the bases for the president's role in foreign policy?
2.  What factors and circumstances favor presidential leadership over foreign policy?
3.  What factors and circumstances limit presidential leadership in foreign policy?
4.  How does the current president see his role in this area?
5.  What is the role played by the large foreign affairs bureaucracy that has grown up around the president?
6.  What are the key institutions available to the president in making foreign policy?

Assignment 29  The Role of Congress
Friday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 25-35) and Reading 2.1; Chpt. 6 (pages 280-287)
          Go to the following online site for a Congressional Research Service Report on 
          the War Powers Act and Presidential Compliance: http://www.fas.org/man/crs/IB81050.pdf  
          Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article: Jost, K. (2006, February 24). Presidential power. CQ Researcher, 16, 169-192. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006022401
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What are the resources available to Congress when it tries to influence foreign policy?
2.  What are the disadvantages Congress has in trying to influence foreign policy?
3.  How has Congress tried to assert itself in foreign policy in the past ten years?
4.  Is Congress a responsible player in foreign policy?
5. What circumstances favor a strong Congressional role in foreign policy?
6.  What circumstances limit the role of Congress in foreign policy?
Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 8
Write a three page essay in which you discuss the basic issues at stake in the debate over presidential war making powers.
This assignment is due by the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 31  Intelligence Agencies and Covert Action
Wednesday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 35-40), Reading 2.2; Chpt. 6 (pages 287-294)
         Bennet and Shambaugh, Issues 13, 14
         Martin Feldstein, "The Underfunded Pentagon" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
         Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article:  Katel, P. (2007, February 23). New strategy in Iraq. CQ Researcher, 17, 169-192.  From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007022301
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. What are the inherent problems facing intelligence agencies?
2.  What problems face the consumers of the reports of these agencies?
3.  Should these agencies be restructured or abolished?
4.  What are the problems for presidential leadership in this area?
5.  How does the bureaucratic politics model apply to this area?
6. Under what circumstances would covert action by most appropriate?
7  Under what circumstances would covert action be a mistake?
8. What were the shortcomings of intelligence agencies prior to 9/11?
9. What changes have been made in regard to intelligence agencies since 9/11?

Assignment 32   The Pentagon and Use of Force
Friday 
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 2 (pages 35-40), Reading 2.2; Chpt. 6 (pages 287-294)
         Martin Feldstein, "The Underfunded Pentagon" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
         Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article:  Katel, P. (2007, February 23). New strategy in Iraq. CQ Researcher, 17, 169-192.  From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007022301
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What is the role of the Pentagon in foreign policy?
2.  What resources are available to the Department of Defense in influencing foreign policy?
3.  How has the role of the department increased and decrease over recent decades?
4.  What circumstances help the department play a strong role in foreign policy?
5.  What circumstances limit the role of the department?
6.  What circumstances favor the use of force in foreign policy?
7.  What circumstances limit the use of force to advance foreign policy objectives?

Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 9
How should the United States deal with the situation in Iraq?  Explain how you would advise President Bush, if asked, as to what should be done about the problems there.
This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Friday.

Assignment 34  Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism
Wednesday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 6 (pages 258-281) and readings 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2
          Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article:  Jost, K. (2007, February 2). Rethinking foreign policy. CQ Researcher, 5, 97-120. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007020201
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What is meant by unilateralism?
2.  What is meant by multilateralism?
3.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
4.  What factors might shape which is the better approach under various circumstances?
5.  What factors shape the debate between the two approaches?

Assignment 35 The Bush Administration
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 6 (pages 258-281) and readings 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2
          Congressional Quarterly Library online at: http://library.cqpress.com/
After you login, click on The CQ Researcher (which is a valuable source for articles on current political issues) where you then can do a search for the following article:  Jost, K. (2007, February 2). Rethinking foreign policy. CQ Researcher, 5, 97-120. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007020201
Questions for Class Discussion:   
1.  What have been the most important doctrines advanced by the Bush administration?
2.  What has been the role in the ideology in the foreign policy of this administration?
3.  Who have been the key players in the decision making processes?
4.  What have been some of the characteristics of those decision making processes?
5.  How do you evaluate the policies of this administration?
Critical Thinking Writing Exercise No. 10
Write a three page essay in which you discuss the most important issues involved in the debate over unilateralism and multilateralism in American foreign policy.  How do you evaluate the approach of the current administration on this matter?

Part IV    Weeks 14-15     The Future

Week 14 Globalization, Economics, and the Environment
Assignment 37 Globalization, American Policy, and The World Economy
Monday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 10 and Readings 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
          Bennet and Shambaugh, Issues 16, 17
          William S. Brody, "College Goes Global" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Paul Farmer  "From 'Marvelous Momentum' to Health Care for All" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Daniel W. Drezner, "The New World Order" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Michael T. Osterholm, "Unprepared for a Pandemic" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
Katel, P. (2006, July 21). Change in Latin America. CQ Researcher, 16, 601-624. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006072101        
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. What are the classic arguments for free trade?
2.  Who are the supporters of that view?
3.  What are the arguments usually advanced for different forms of protectionism?
4.  Who are the supporters of those policies?
5.  What institutions are used by advocates of free trade?
6.  Which direction is best for the United States?
7. What is meant by globalization?
8.  Who are the supporters and opponents of globalization?
9.  What are their arguments?
10. What are the functions and basic policies of the World Bank, INF, and WTO?
11. Do these institutions serve American national interests?
12. Does globalization lead to a better world or make things worse?

Assignment 38  Globalization, Economic Growth, and Poverty (Look at particular issues in Latin America and Africa)
Wednesday
Read: Jentleson, Chpt. 10 and Readings 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
         Bennet and Shambaugh, Issue 15
          William S. Brody, "College Goes Global" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Paul Farmer  "From 'Marvelous Momentum' to Health Care for All" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Daniel W. Drezner, "The New World Order" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Michael T. Osterholm, "Unprepared for a Pandemic" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
Katel, P. (2006, July 21). Change in Latin America. CQ Researcher, 16, 601-624. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006072101        
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. Why is poverty around the world an important foreign policy issue?
2.  How should American policy address issues of extreme poverty around the world?
3.  What are the intermestic issues involved in the immigration debate in the United States?
4.  What are the factors that lead to failed states?
5.  What problems do failed states pose to the United States?

Assignment 39  Globalization, Environmental and Health Issues (Look at particular issues in Latin America and Africa)
Friday
Read:  Jentleson, Chpt. 10 and Readings 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
          Bennet and Shambaugh, Issue 18
          William S. Brody, "College Goes Global" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Paul Farmer  "From 'Marvelous Momentum' to Health Care for All" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Daniel W. Drezner, "The New World Order" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
          Michael T. Osterholm, "Unprepared for a Pandemic" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
Katel, P. (2006, July 21). Change in Latin America. CQ Researcher, 16, 601-624. From CQ Researcher Online, http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006072101        
Questions for Class Discussion:
1. Do environmental issues make a serious impact on foreign policy?
2. Should they?
3. Should the United States adhere to recent international agreements on the environment?
4. What were those agreements?
5. Are those agreements in this nation's best interest?

Assignment 41  Should American Foreign Policy Try to Promote Democracy Around the World?
Wednesday
Read: Jentleson, Chpts. 9, 11 and Readings 9.1, 9.2; 10.3; 11.3
          Bennet and Shambaugh, Issue 3
          John Predergast and Colin Thomas-Jensen, "Blowing the Horn" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  How has American foreign policy in the past tried to promote democratization?
2.  Where have such efforts been most successful?
3.  Where have such efforts most often failed?
4.  How can democracy best be promoted?
5.  Should the promotion of democracy be a principal objective of U.S. foreign policy?
6. What problems do such efforts create?
7.  Where are these issues most in dispute today?

Assignment 42  Alternative Futures
Friday
Read: Jentleson, Chpts. 9, 11 and Readings 9.1, 9.2; 10.3; 11.3
          John Predergast and Colin Thomas-Jensen, "Blowing the Horn" in Foreign Affairs March/April 2007.
Questions for Class Discussion:
1.  What are the most important challenges currently confronting U.S. foreign policy?
2.  What are the most appropriate solutions to those problems.
3.  What major foreign policy problems do you see facing the country in the next 20 years?
4.  How should the country prepare to deal with those problems?
5.  How should American orient itself to the rest of the word?