Secondary material should not involve interpretation of the key passages you have analyzed but instead provide a broader frame for the assertions in your general argument.  Ideally, you would have at least one reference in each category below.  If that’s not possible after a limited search, include at least five but no more eight references in all.  413 students might see their paper expanded by 2-3 pages; 513 by 3-5.

1.  A reference to the author’s earnings with the specific novel(s) (or work[s]) you study, if possible, but in general if not.

2.  A reference to the theme of the novel you have focused on, but saying the fact that the novel or work appears in a magazine (or similar format) affects the exploration of that theme.  For example, the cultural definition of masculinity is reinforced by this work, but the required maturation of the hero is made more apparent by the fact that he develops over 12 months in the magazine's publication.

3.  A reference to the audience of the work(s), especially as interested in the host magazine or other organ in which it appears.  For example, readers of The Cornhill expected work of high literary quality and thus were not put off by Hardy's sometimes circuitous prose.

4.  A reference to Victorian ideology, especially as it might be linked to the magazine novel form--that is, progress, personal development, empire, expanding rights for different classes and both genders.

5.  A reference to magazine culture in general--that is, the history of magazines (or similar media such as television, internet, cinema).